Workers compensation free essay sample

Laborers Compensation is basically a type of protection that gives wage substitution and clinical inclusion to representatives that are harmed while working. This remuneration, be that as it may, isn't openly given to the workers. It is rather traded for the employee’s option to sue their boss for the tort of carelessness. Contingent upon purview, Workers Compensation can work as different kinds of protection. Wages that is lost while recuperating from a physical issue can be paid to the worker as though they were fit for working, along these lines working as a type of handicap protection. Laborers Compensation can adequately work as medical coverage just as extra security by paying for the harmed employee’s clinical costs and paying advantages to the wards of representatives murdered while working, individually. While Workers Compensation and those that work in that specific field can be a superb budgetary advantage for harmed representatives and their families, such advantages and experts that work in this field were resulting from need because of the carelessness of businesses towards their workers. We will compose a custom article test on Laborers remuneration or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page While it is easy to refute when precisely the principal Workers Compensation laws were passed, Maryland was the primary state to pass a statewide Workers Compensation law in 1902 with the foundation of the Employer and Employee Cooperative Fund (Maryland state laborers, 2013). A couple of years after the fact in 1906, the principal government laborers remuneration law was passed; the Federal Employers’ Liability Act (FELA) (What is the, 2013). FELA is intended to remunerate railroad laborers that have been harmed while working, however it doesn't work equivalent to current specialists pay laws. Under FELA, the harmed railroad laborer must demonstrate that wounds continued while working are the issue of the railroad organization; being not able to demonstrate the railroad company’s shortcoming in the occurrence brings about no advantages being paid to the harmed party. By 1949, the entirety of the states in the United States had a Workers Compensation laws authorized to secure representatives and accommodate them just as their families in a period of scarcity (Workers remuneration, 2010). For a representative to get Workers Compensation, nonetheless, certain norms are to be gotten and it is together to the experts working in the Workers Compensation field to know the laws of their ward. To be certain that these experts know precisely what they are doing and execute their business to their best degree, custom curriculum and preparing is required to be finished. Preparing and training of Workers Compensation representatives relies upon the locale where they work in, however there are a few factors and significant obligations that are vital to each specialist Compensation worker. Laborers Compensation representatives basically need to manage the enactment of the ward in which they work, so they should know the laws of the express, this is a focal factor that is basic to all experts in this field. Instruction and preparing will guarantee that experts know the reason for Workers Compensation laws, strategies for making sure about Workers Compensation, conditions of wounds, advantages and impediments of laborers remuneration for both the representative and business, collaboration of different specialists pay acts, how to react to a hands on mishap, and how to lessen hands on mishaps. The motivation behind laborers remuneration laws is to give money related inclusion of any clinical costs, pay insurance of those missing from work because of clinical reasons, and pay for changeless injury, for example, death toll or appendage. Techniques to make sure about laborers remuneration are: through an endorsed private protection transporter, state-financed protection, and self-protection which is generally just given by bigger organizations that can ensure inclusion paying little mind to the occasion of bankruptcy.(â€Å"Workers’ pay training,† 2008) The conditions of a physical issue incorporate, â€Å"arising out of employment,† and â€Å"in the course of employment.† â€Å"Arising out of employment† alludes to the reason and source of the supported injury and â€Å"in the course of employment† alludes to the time, spot, and conditions of the injury. A lion's share of laborers remuneration laws express that all together for a physical issue to be compensable, it must emerge out of and over the span of business. This basically implies all together for a physical issue to be compensable, the harmed party probably been working at their assigned situation during payable hours. There are different advantages of laborers remuneration for a business just as the representative. Advantages for the business incorporate harmed workers not having the option to sue for the tort of carelessness and advantages payable to the harmed representative is restricted. Advantages to the harmed representative incorporate full clinical inclusion and reliable installment of clinical costs, installments depend on the harmed party’s current profit ignoring gross pay, and in case of death installments are made to the deceased’s dependents.(â€Å"Workers’ pay training,† 2008) Lamentably there are likewise different burdens of laborers pay for both the business and the representative. Burdens for the business incorporate high premiums essentially on account of the sort of work done by the business and the premiums depend on the employer’s mishap record, an expansion in desk work because of the documenting of cases and state guidelines, and time went through managing the expected occasion of a false case. Burdens for representatives incorporate not having the option to seek after further harms through a tort activity and some state’s laborers remuneration benefits are bested by Social Security handicap benefits.(â€Å"Workers’ pay training,† 2008) At times it is important for different Workers Compensation acts to get engaged with a case. The inclusion of such acts relies on the seriousness of the injury continued and the size of the business. Set up acts that may essentially be considered nearby laborers pay are the Americans with Disability Act (ADA) and the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA).(â€Å"Workers’ pay training,† 2008) All together for a specialists remuneration expert to decide whether the ADA or the FMLA will be a factor close by ordinary laborers pay, a few components dependent on locale must be thought of. These elements incorporate the limit number of representatives for that specific boss, worker qualification, seriousness of injury or ailment, and the length of nonappearance where the harmed party will be inaccessible to work.(â€Å"Workers’ remuneration training,† 2008) In the event that either the ADA, FMLA, or both become engaged with a specialists remuneration guarantee, a laborers pay proficient must stay aware of a few prerequisites. These prerequisites incorporate exact clinical documentation of the injury, continuation of advantages for the harmed party during time away, fitting clinical clearances for the harmed party to come back to work, capability of â€Å"light duty† for the harmed party once coming back to work, and all principles to be met for full working restoration of the harmed party.(â€Å"Workers’ pay training,† 2008) Shockingly wounds, extreme or not, do happen in many workps bands. A laborers pay proficient must be prepared to be equipped for taking care of a wide range of these circumstances. The preparation and instruction of laborers remuneration experts will empower them to control emergency treatment to the harmed party or direct them to clinical treatment, accumulate all data about the harmed party from the harmed and different observers, advise the harmed party of their laborers pay inclusion, precisely record the occurrence and inform the harmed party’s family/wards, find a way to guarantee that a comparable episode won't occur later on, and document a specialists pay guarantee when possible.(â€Å"Workers’ pay training,† 2008) With working environment occurrences tragically being very normal, there are steps that can be taken to maintain a strategic distance from said episodes. A few strategies that can be utilized to lessen working environment episodes incorporate instructing the workforce in wellbeing estimates that can be taken to evade injury, build up a board of trustees that is dedicated to teaching the workforce about security, and consider supervisors answerable for forestalling working environment accidents.(â€Å"Workers’ pay training,† 2008) Not every person can work in the laborers pay field, an accreditation is required. Accreditation is increased through different methods dependent on purview and boss. An administration boss may require uncommon accreditation yet most specialists remuneration experts can increase an affirmation through colleges/schools. There are additionally numerous specialists remuneration proficient associations that can be joined. Such associations incorporate the American Association of State Compensation Insurance Funds, National Council of Self-Insurers, Workers Compensation Claims Association, Workers Compensation Insurance Association, Workers Compensation Research Institute, just as numerous others. Going along with one of these expert associations can permit laborers remuneration experts access to different assets and get support during laborers pay claims (Workers pay affiliations, 2008). The interest for laborers remuneration experts is moderate to high contingent upon area and the field wanted to work in. A high-chance manager will have a more appeal for all around prepared and instructed laborers remuneration profes

Cell Phone and driving Free Essays

The reason for the customer card is for you to pick up data with regards to what the customer is utilizing on their ace just as any prescriptions they might be taking that can influence the administration. Try not to play out a wax administration if your customer is oversensitive to wax, taking certain meds, or utilizing facial items that may make their face meager or consume while waxing. When the interview is finished you may now start your waxing administrations. We will compose a custom exposition test on Phone and driving or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now O us meeting. Plan everything ahead of time before take customer back to the waxing territory. Start by first spreading out the entirety of your materials required for waxing, for example, hand purified, tweezers, eye temple brush, cotton, wax strips, scissors, and lush tool sticks. Quickly talk about with customer the shape they are craving. Have your customer to recline in the seat and unwind. Analyze the zone and make your own appraisal with regards to what the customer needs. Convey your discoveries and once settled upon you may begin the administration. Start by sanitation your hands. Next apply pre cleaner answer for cotton balls to wash down the temple territory. Permit 3 to 5 seconds to dry, presently brush foreheads Toward the path that they develop In utilizing the eyebrow brush/brush. Next plunge the wooden stick into wax and apply underneath the forehead utilizing a slim layer of wax a similar way of temple. Rapidly apply a piece of muslin to waxed zone. Rub the muslin strip with your two pointer fingers same way of eye temples. Hold external corner of eye insult and pull the strip the other way. Next recurrent the waxing advances recorded above for above forehead, and focus of temples. At the point when completed apply wax remover to cotton balls to expel wax. Presently utilize the brush end of brush to smooth temples. Evacuate any undesirable hairs that may even now stay with tweezers and If required use scissors to trim eyebrow length. When you have accomplished wanted shape, apply cooling gel to eyebrows to help chill off zone. As of now you may hand the mirror to the customer, to let them see the completed aftereffects of their eyebrow wax administration. Instruct them on how frequently they should return to have them revamped. Express gratitude toward them for coming In and let them realize that you anticipate seeing them In 3 to about a month. Taking everything into account eyebrow waxing may not be the most agreeable help to have done, however when you are readied, experienced, and clients love your work, the closure results makes everything beneficial. Mobile phone and driving By larboard cotton balls to purge the temple territory. Permit 3 to 5 seconds to dry, presently brush temples in he heading that they develop in utilizing the eyebrow brush/brush. Next plunge the wooden stick into wax and apply underneath the forehead utilizing a slender layer of wax in the equivalent with your two pointer fingers same way of eye temples. Hold external corner of eye insult and pull the strip the other way. Next recurrent the waxing advances Remove any undesirable hairs that may in any case stay with tweezers and if necessary use Educate them on how regularly they should return to have them revamped. Express gratitude toward them for coming in and let them realize that you anticipate seeing them in 3 the closure results makes everything advantageous. The most effective method to refer to Cell Phone and driving, Papers

How to Handle Stress During a Job Interview

How to Handle Stress During a Job Interview Picture this â€" you’ve just received a notification from a company about a job position that you recently applied to. The company likes your proposal and invites you to be a part of their interview process.Eager to fulfill your sense of purpose from within, you attend the interview and realize that you are moments away from a potential job offer.But then a strange, indiscernible feeling creeps in. Your imagined depiction of a successful interview suddenly starts to fracture. Your anxiety levels heighten, and you begin to sweat. The casting of doubt and overthought begins to cloud the depths of your mind. “What is this feeling?”, you begin to ask yourself. What is this feeling that is so overbearing, so powerful that it has caused your achievement to become negated?That feeling in question, is called “stress,” and on a daily average it affects roughly sixty-one percent of hard-working Americans just like you, so you’re not alone.But does it really have to be this way?As a natural byproduct of a human’s survival mechanism, stress can be a hard thing for most people to control, making it seem nearly impossible to maintain.However, we believe that by you following our guide on information related to job interviews and by utilizing our 9 unique tips on how to manage stress during such interview, you’ll be a professional at managing your stress in no time.THE PURPOSE OF A JOB INTERVIEWCompanies far and wide utilize job interviews to ensure that the best and most qualified applicants are fit for the necessary positions they have to offer.It also gives the hiring company further insight on what you are like in person and not just on paper. The interview can pose a great opportunity for you as well.The job interview process is a very important milestone that will allow you to do three of the following things:Sell yourself. Companies will be looking for individuals whose experience matches their expectations. You can present to them your accomplished ach ievements and express what you have to offer and how their company can benefit from you. Anything pertaining to numbers with regard to cutting costs of certain projects, staying within certain allocated budgets or saving your prior company money can vastly show your value to your interviewer.Obtaining more information about the company. This is the perfect opportunity to establish further if this company is the right fit for you. Meeting at the job site can allow you to observe the employees and get a feel for the environment that you would be working in. It would also allow you to see certain aspects of the company’s work environment that can include their dress attire and their personalities.Showcasing your communication skills. Being face-to-face with an individual may be awkward in some situations, but this is a job interview we’re talking about. A face-to-face meeting with the person who could potentially further your advances with the company is a great opportunity to ex pand your horizon and to embrace your interviewer with open eyes (but don’t ever stare) and an open mouth. This gives you the opportunity to show your manners and articulation of thought.One of the byproducts of the job interview process that has remained constant over the course of many years has and probably always will be is â€" stress.The reasoning behind this being that all human beings, when threatened or fearful, utilize stress as their natural detriment to certain stimuli. But too much negative stress can affect a person psychologically both during and before a job interview.One way, however, to understanding the solution to maintaining stress more efficiently, can be found by the simple act of understanding just what exactly stress is. GOOD AND BAD STRESS AND ITS CORRELATION TO JOB INTERVIEWSFight â€" the human bodies’ natural reaction to deflecting predator’s attacks. Though this form of the stress procedure can help in certain situations, it may be unnecessary for o ther situations; in which it can damage relationships and reputations (which is why you want to make sure that you treat your interviewer as a friend and not as a foe.Flight â€" it symbolizes a “good” stress in that it allows us as human beings to perceive certain threats we may not have been aware of without it. This however, can prove unreliable during a job interview, in which it hinders your ability to handle stress head on by simply walking away (and you can’t just walk away from your job interview).Freeze â€" probably the most important during an interview process, freezing can show your interviewer that you may be unprepared for the interview and unable to handle any amount of stress. You want to always build up yourself and your self-esteem so that you can come off with a strong sense of urgency, but also a calm, humble manner as well.Stress can cause you to sabotage your chances with your interviewer and destroy your chances for plausible employment with the company. Most cases of stress during the interview process can be caused by the constant over-thought that you may go through and have a negative outlook on what may happen after the interview (believing that you may not have a good interview or get a call back).You have to get control over these feelings and understand that the job interview is in everybody’s best interest. Your anxiety can also be one of the biggest obstacles that you face with regards to stress.But stress, however, as stated above, has many good qualities as well.Always remember that stress is an inherent ability from within and with that ability comes great responsibility. You must learn, most importantly, how to find a balance between good and bad stress and how to utilize the two in a way that can be beneficial but at the same time not a detriment to you.You now understand the importance of a job interview, why it is needed, and the stress that come as a product of it. Now it is time to implement the principles that will allow you guaranteed confidence over the stress that you hold deep within and lead you to a great job interview process.9 UNIQUE TIPS THAT CAN HELP YOU MANAGE YOUR STRESS DURING YOUR INTERVIEW1. Being prepared.Rehearsing your interview approach with yourself or another individual can greatly impact your perception of the outside world and your perception of self. Having another person’s opinion about your interview skills can also help with areas that you may be struggling in. Studying the landscape of the location your interview will be located at can also be helpful.This gives you the chance to become aware of the location of the company and can help you to arrive on time and allow time to find even better directions.Researching the company’s history can provide great details about the company that can be used during the interview process. It’ll show that you have done your homework and have an extensive amount of knowledge on the company, which could potentially impres s your interviewer in the process.Extrinsic research, the utilization of sources like Cleverism.com, can also add additional information as well. The maintenance of your health will definitely be the most important portion of an interview beforehand.Sleeping two nights prior to the interview and having a nutritious breakfast before your interview will definitely improve your physical and mental stamina prior and during the interview.You don’t ever want to appear sluggish or as if you’re not there. Period. That will mean an automatic dismissal of your interview, regardless of how well the company thought of you before the interview. 2. Knowing yourself and who you are.Understanding all your faults and limitations and working on them to make them your strengths can bring success, but never immediate gratification.Just like it takes time getting to know yourself inside and out, so, too, does it take time to see the successful results of all your efforts. Ways that you can structure your self-image to deflects stress include:Giving yourself pep talks or watching others’ pep talks. Having a friend berate you with questions about yourself and the companyTED talks, a nonprofit organization that’s devoted to the spreading and implementation of ideologies, can also be a great source to utilize.3. Have your job interview in the morning.Having a job interview in the morning has been proven to alleviate the stressor of having to await an interview.This usually can result in you allowing too many negative thoughts to crowd your mind and can end in you overthinking the experience, which could make for a very bad interview that might have been good. As the saying goes, “do it now before it comes back to bite you”.4. Arriving early but never too early.Get to your interview 10 to 15 minutes before it actually starts. Doing this lessens the anticipation of waiting, which can be very stressful when you have everything that you know you’re going to say and still hav e to wait.But you never want to arrive too early. Arriving in too early can cause anticipation to creep in, something that can be very stressful and cause you to forget how you were going to present yourself in the first place.Try doing an activity to keep yourself occupied in the off chance that you do arrive too early; walking around the company building, playing a game and even listening to music can help pass the time and keep your mind focused (just as long as you don’t become so distracted that you miss your interview). 5. Being confident.Probably the most important tip among all the other tips within this guide. If you’re show signs of low self-esteem during the interview you can come off as unbelievable.Always remind yourself of your abilities and accomplishments and why you’re the best fit for the company. Remember that someone within the company thought that your resume was a great representation of what the company needed.Know that you have a purpose and that the co mpany understands and sees the potential for your purpose, hence the interview. If you tend to be more of an extrovert, then this tip can be very useful to you.It’s good that you’re an outgoing person but being overly confident can adversely affect your interviewer’s perception of your good nature, and have your interview thrown out. 6. Treat the interviewer as your friend.If you consider yourself to be more of an introvert, then this tip can be very useful for you. Take your time. Remember that mistakes can happen during the question portion of the interview.Try to see the interview as a formal conversation with you and one of your friends. Give engaging responses that can bring in the interviewer.Remember, however, that this is an interview for you and not the other way around. Allow them into who you are. Don’t over-stress. The interviewer is your friend. They want what you want which is a great employee for a great company.7. Ask the interviewer when a decision will be m ade.Another source of stress comes from not knowing when a decision will be made with regards to your interview. It can cause self-doubt.Remain calm and do not be shy when you’re asking the question. The interviewer understands your position as they are the ones who deal with applicants as yourself every day.8. Expecting success but being prepared for failure.The advent of failure will always be your biggest stress throughout the whole process (hence why we’ve left you two videos because we know the significance of getting knocked down) and throughout life as well; especially way after the interview has concluded.If, by any chance, you do have a bad interview or have a good one and the company decides to go a different route, don’t give up.9. Never allow your future of success to be controlled by someone other than yourself.Always make sure to take initiative.Applying to jobs before and after the interview allows for the probability of you landing another interview with anothe r company, and by utilizing these 9 unique tips, you could be having a successful interview that may guarantee you a job with the company. MORE THINGS TO CONSIDER ABOUT STRESSOther things to consider for the job interview process are introvert and extrovert personalities. One of the key ingredients to you having a great interview lies in knowing exactly who you are and only you know the answer to that question.The interviewers job is to “interview.” Of course, they want to get to know you further, but it takes two to tango.This is an adult experience that could greatly impact your foreseeable future. So, make it your obligation to understand your limitations and accept them and build on them in order to be the candidate they know you are.Find the reason why you may be introverted or extroverted and experiment with other people, regardless if theyre your family members or random strangers, to find a foothold for growth past it.All interviews aren’t going to be created equally. You may study this guide, apply all of its principles, follow our 9 unique tips and still find that the interview itself wasn’t what you expected it to be.Sometimes this can be a result of “stress interviews,” in which an interviewer pressures you with numerous questions at a fast pace to see how well you can work under pressure. These types of interviews, however, can make the applicant, who could be a great employee, uncomfortable.Your integrity is also an important part of the process. Never choose a job for the sake of money or working. We know that times are hard in this world and we understand that stress does not make it any better.But the last thing you want to do is lie to yourself and tell yourself that any job that hires you is a great place to work for because it will not always be true. There are plenty of opportunities and if you look hard enough you’re bound to find one that will make you happy.IN CONCLUSION OF HOW TO MANAGE YOUR STRESSThe job interview proces s is more than meets the eye. There are so many intricate mechanics that go into the before and after the process of a job interview. So much so, that more than most average Americans struggle with the process, and thus fall prey to their own inherent, stressful antics.But not you. You, who have finished our intricate guide and had read through our several tips on how to manage stress before and after an interview, are finally able to go through with the implementations of your newly acquired knowledge. You have the keys to the cage of control, and within that cage you’re finally able to lock up your stress, utilizing it whenever necessary.But always remember that a job is promised to no one. Only with hard work, you can achieve your goals over all the stress, and one of those stresses without a shadow of a doubt will always be the possibility of failure.Understand that, failure is very real, and it happens to everyone daily, but so too, is the virtue of patience. It’s natural t o be stressed from the thought of failing. It’s natural to be stressed during a job interview. It’s natural that you learn this guide and still fail.But if you are not patient enough to see it through, then it will never happen. If you work hard enough for what you believe in, then it will happen. And remember â€" practice makes perfect!

Patriotism and People Who Commit Acts of Civil...

Today’s government is more powerful than ever. Between Supreme Court rulings that uphold sovereign immunity to the power of law enforcement to disperse Occupy Wall Street protests, it seems as if the citizens have no right to disobey laws that they know to be unjust. Yet by this measure, the heroes of the past such as the American colonists, abolitionists, women’s suffragists, Gandhi, Martin Luther King Junior, Rosa Parks, and Nelson Mandela would be little more than common criminals. All of these heroes broke the law in the name of a greater justice, and today all of them are revered as being the most patriotic of all people. The attribution of patriotism to people who commit acts of civil disobedience is lawful and just, because†¦show more content†¦This school of thought, also called Aufklarung in its German roots ( Kant) have birth to some of the most influential philosophers of the last Millennium, including John Locke, Thomas Hobbes, and Jacques Rousseau. Their vision for reformative political systems has been key in the evolution of the people’s minds, denouncing the abuses of the Old Regime as to emerge out of the dominance of medieval monarchies. All three of these philosophers formulated political theories based on the idea of the social contract. At that time, the medieval basis for political legitimacy of the divine right of kings was no longer considered viable in philosophical circles. As a result, philosophers sought another basis for explaining the rightful relationship between government and citizens. Rousseau formulated a philosophy based on the social contract, stating that there was a mutual consensual relationship of power between citizens and the state but that the true seat of power was held by the people rather than the rulers (Locke). Both Hobbes and Locke looked to nature as the basis for how social and political systems should be understood (Berlin 94). Hobbes had a rather dim view of the state of nature, believing that people were inherently flawed and would fight and struggle without a strong ruler to form laws and force them to conformity. Despite this dim view, HobbesShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Whistleblowing Is Becoming More Popular As The World Becomes More Obsessed With Secrecy1855 Words   |  8 Pages Whistleblowing is becoming more popular as the world becomes more obsessed with secrecy. Some people advocate secrecy and some believe that secrets can’t keep us safe. At least, this is what Bradley Manning and Edward Snowden thought. The public is obsessed with the idea of knowing what the government is hiding from us and internet connectivity, the growth of the Intelligence Community, and the encouragement of the public perpetuates this. Two major leaks of classified information happened in 2010Read MoreFreedom Fighters of India11786 Words   |  48 PagesI shall have it. To serve the cause of freedom and countrymen Tilak founded schools and published newspapers. Tilak was famous as one of the trios- Bal, Pal and Lal. People loved him and accepted him as their leaders and so he was called Lokmanya Tilak.   Ram Prasad Bismil Ram Prasad Bismil was one of those young revolutionaries who laid down their life for the sake of the motherland. Bismil was a member of the Hindustan Republican Association and an important member of the group that was involvedRead MoreNgo Dinh Diem Essay example3600 Words   |  15 PagesCommunist guerrillas backed by North Vietnam launched a new rebellion, but a civil disobedience campaign led by the countrys Buddhist monks contributed more directly to his downfall. Brutal persecution of the dissident monks in 1963 damaged the regimes already shaky international reputation. With American support, Vietnamese generals overthrew and assassinated Ngo later that year. This basically sums up how the majority of people thought of Ngo Dinh Diem. He was a narrow leader only worried about gainingRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesYork City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography Allida M. Black, ed., Modern American Queer History Eric Sandweiss, St. Louis: The Evolution of an American Urban Landscape Sam Wineburg, Historical Thinking and Other Unnatural Acts: Charting the Future of Teaching the Past Sharon Hartman Strom, Political Woman: Florence Luscomb and the Legacy of Radical Reform Michael Adas, ed., Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History Jack Metzgar, StrikingRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesSTUDENTS: Why Focus on Management Skill Development? Given that a â€Å"skill development† course requires more time and effort than a course using the traditional lecture/discussion format, we are sometimes asked this question by students, especially those who have relatively little work experience. Reason #1: It focuses attention on what effective managers actually â€Å"do. † In an influential article, Henry Mintzberg (1975) argued that management education had almost nothing to say about what managers actually

Writers on Writing The Value of Keeping a Diary, Journal, or Writers Notebook

Cecily: I keep a diary in order to enter the wonderful secrets of my life. If I didnt write them down, I should probably forget all about them.Miss Prism: Memory, my dear Cecily, is the diary we all carry about with us.Cecily: Yes, but it usually chronicles the things that have never happened and couldnt possibly have happened.(Oscar Wilde, The Importance of Being Earnest, 1895) For reasons made clear by these eight writers, now is the perfect time for you to start keeping a diary, journal, or writers notebook. Sylvia Plath on Holding the RaptureNovember 13, 1949As of today I have decided to keep a diary again--just a place where I can write my thoughts and opinions when I have a moment. Somehow I have to keep and hold the rapture of being seventeen. Every day is so precious, I feel infinitely sad at the thought of all this time melting farther and farther away from me as I grow older. Now, now is the perfect time of my life.(quoted by Kathleen Connors in Word Crafts. Eye Rhymes: Sylvia Plaths Art of the Visual, edited by Kathleen Connors and Sally Bayley. Oxford University Press, 2007)bell hooks on Safe WritingKeeping a daily diary did not mean that I was seriously called to write, that I would ever write for a reading public. This was safe writing. . . . It was for me the space for critical reflection, where I struggled to understand myself and the world around me, that crazy world of family and community, that painful world. I could say there what was hurting me, how I felt about things, what I hoped for. I could be angry there with no thought of punishment. I could talk back. Nothing had to be concealed. I could hold on to myself there.(bell hooks, Remembered Rapture: The Writer at Work. Henry Holt, 1999)Anne Frank on the Patience of PaperJune 6, 1942Its an odd idea for someone like me to keep a diary; not only because I have never done so before, but because it seems to me that neither I--nor for that matter anyone else--will be interested in the unbosomings of a thirteen-year-old schoolgirl. Still, what does that matter? I want to write, but more than that, I want to bring out all kinds of things that lie buried deep in my heart. . . .Yes there is no doubt that paper is patient and as I dont intend to show this cardboard-covered notebook, bearing the proud name of diary, to anyone, unless I find a real friend, boy or girl, probably nobody cares. And now I come to the root of the matter, the reason for my starting a diary: it is that I have no such real friend.(T he Diary of Anne Frank: The Revised Critical Edition. Doubleday, 2003)Thomas Mann on Capturing DaysFebruary 1934I love this process by which each passing day is captured, not only its impressions, but also, at least by suggestion, its intellectual direction and content as well, less for the purpose of rereading and remembering than for taking stock, reviewing, maintaining awareness, achieving perspective . . ..(Thomas Mann: Diaries 1918-1939, selected by Hermann Kesten, translated by Richard Winston. Robin Clark Ltd., 1984)Northrop Frye on Confronting His ConsciencePrologue to the Diary of 1949Im not working hard enough, and I feel that a diary would be useful, as my job is mainly thinking writing, I need some machinery for recording everything of importance I think of. . . .I also hope it will be of some moral benefit, in passing a kind of value judgment, implicit or explicit, on whether Ive wasted the day or not . . .. The feeling of meeting my own conscience at the end of the d ay may cut down my dithering time.(The Diaries of Northrop Frye, 1942-1955, edited by Robert D. Denham. University of Toronto Press, 2001)The Long Monologue of Edward Robb EllisDecember 1, 1932This evening Ross said to me: It must take an awfully egotistical person to keep a diary. Surprised, I began to defend myself, citing several reasons for maintaining this journal--a chance to practice writing, the opportunity to analyze myself, the value of a diary as a reference volume.November 10, 1973[T]here is another way in which I saved myself from madness, and this is the fact that all my life I have tried to communicate with myself. My diary is proof of this effort. My life has been one long monologue. I will go mad only if I am ever unable to talk to myself.(Edward Robb Ellis, A Diary of the Century: Tales from Americas Greatest Diarist. Sterling, 2008)Journalist Edward Ellis began keeping a diary in 1927 when he was a sophomore in high school; he continued writing until his death in 1998.Gail Godwin on Diaries and FictionI need to write a diary just as I need to write fiction, but the two needs come from very different sources. I write fiction because I need to organize the clutter of too many details into some meaning, because I enjoy turning something promising into something marvelous; I keep a diary because it keeps my mind fresh and open. Once the details of being me are safely stored away every night, I can get on with what isnt just me. . . . I had to keep a diary for many years before I could begin writing fiction.(Gail Godwin, A Diarist on Diarists. Writers on Writing, edited by Robert Pack and Jay Parini. University Press of New England, 1991)Franz Kafka on the Courage of StrivingDecember 23, 1911One advantage in keeping a diary is that you become aware with reassuring clarity of the changes which you constantly suffer . . .. In the diary you find proof that in situations which today would seem unbearable, you lived, looked around and wrote observatio ns, that this right hand moved then as it does today, when we may be wiser because we are able to look back upon our former condition, and for that reason have got to admit the courage of our earlier striving in which we persisted even in sheer ignorance.(The Diaries of Franz Kafka, edited by Max Brod. Secker and Warburg, 1948) More About Keeping a Diary or Journal Your Writing: Private and PublicVirginia Woolf on Keeping a JournalTwelve Reasons to Keep a Writers Diary

Interview Project Proposal - 774 Words

Class: CJ100: Eight Skills of the Effective CJ Student Unit: 4 Souces:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_guard Souces: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_officer | Interview Project Proposal | | Police officer | Interview Project Proposal Police officer 1 Name: Vince Ventrone Job: police officer at the Jacksonville sheriff office (for 20years) 2 Name: Steven Mungan Job: swc officer (also a police officer) The reason I choose these people is it has the only people that come close to what I going to do. It was the only people I could find. I called the police stations and no one would call me back. Everyone I talk to said there not allowed to talking about their jobs because they were scared to lose jobs. Due to†¦show more content†¦21 what would you tell your kids if they want to be a police officer like you what would you tell them? Why? 22 Where would you like to be in 3 years? 5 years? 23 How to does your position task/function? 24 what motivated you to do your best as a police officer? 25 what is your greatest weakness? 26 do you consider yourself successful? Why? 27 if you had enough money to retire right now would you? Why? 28 what is more important to you money or helping people? Why? 29 have you learned from mistakes on the job? Details 30 do you prefer to work independently or on a team? Why? 31 how would you describe your workShow MoreRelatedResearch Proposal779 Words   |  4 PagesMBA THESIS PROPOSAL GUIDELINES 1. INTRODUCTION The aim of this document is to give MBA students practical guidance about their thesis proposal. In addition to some general comments, the actual structure that should be followed in presenting the proposal is also outlined. The research proposal can serve many useful functions. The most important is that it helps the student to think out the research project he/she is about to undertake and predict any difficulties that might arise. For those who areRead MoreEthical Issues In Networks Systems Design: A Reflection1190 Words   |  5 PagesReflection in the project Introduction : My topic was ‘Ethical Issues In Networks Systems Design’ . I have selected positivist research paradigm for use in my research process. Based on the nature of this research process , I opted to employ the paradigm duo its positive approach and its close relevance to the nature of research topic. This research topic also dictate that a positive approach be used in order to arrive at the ethical issues of concern being investigated. There is also theRead MoreQualifications-Based Criteria805 Words   |  4 Pagesthe time of bid submission. Project onwers might want to investigate if they need to spend more money on higher qualification proposals. The hypothesis below tests that perception. Hypothesis 2: Greater qualifications correspond with greater bid cost. Data Collection The research data sample has a considerable amount of 171 BV procured DBB projects with multiple types, including institutions, cities, states, etc. across the northern America. The largest number of projects was found in Minnesota whileRead MoreThe Importance Of Oral Health In Ibero-American Region817 Words   |  4 Pagesand socially sustainable. The project was designed within the directions of IADR scope for the Brazilian division and the expertise developed in Brazil, offering technology transfer and research methodology to involved countries, increasing the scope of what has been developed and supporting collection data and analysis according to local and regional realities. Given the assumptions of the Observatory along with IADR commitment, our group proposes a set of three projects to be developed in the periodRead MoreResearch Proposal1706 Words   |  7 Pages Proposal for Research Study Factors affecting the success rate of microfinance in Economic students association funding project By GROUP SEVEN 4th November 2010 DECLARATION We hereby declare that this research proposal has not been submitted to any other institution for any academic qualification. By Group 7 members Date 4th November 2010 DEDICATION This proposal is dedicated to the ESA for it’s fully support in ensuring the success of the project. TABLE OF CONTENTS CoverRead MoreBusiness Topic : Open An Express Company1215 Words   |  5 Pagesessential part of the market chain becomes very popular while the current express company market is not mutual and imperfect, therefore there are still have profit margin for a professional express company. 2. Questions In order to make this proposal more reliable and practicable, there are few basic questions need to ask before starting. 1ï ¼â€°How many other express companies in the current market? This question can help me have a better view of the level of the competition of the industry. 2ï ¼â€°HowRead MoreReserch Proposal Example1307 Words   |  6 PagesDeveloping Research Proposals Handout Prepared by Ted Zorn, University of Waikato This is a handout I often give to students when I expect them to provide a research proposal for a course project. That is, it’s intended for fairly brief proposals, not a prospectus for a masters or doctoral thesis. It gives students an example of the sort of thing I want, plus some commentary (in italics) about what I’m expecting in each section. I sometimes change the particular example given, in orderRead MoreProposal For A Research Proposal814 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is it? A typical research proposal is used by scholars and students who have an interest in your field. This usually happens as part of a grant application, postgraduate application (PhD), or for a final year dissertation. It usually ranges from 1,000-3,000 words and is a summary of what is being proposed to study. It is usually judged by content and proposal format. A Research proposal should†¦ Clearly set out what the research is going to be about. This includes a provisional/working titleRead MoreHow Does Sushi King Influence the Eating Habits of Consumer by Providing Healthy Eating?859 Words   |  4 Pageshealthy lifestyle within the community by offering food quality with wide variety of choices at aff ordable prices in a comfortable ambiance. Sushi Kin Sdn. Bhd is one of a subsidiary of the Texchem Group of Companies. The essence purpose of the proposal is to identify how Sushi King influences consumers’ eating habits by presenting its concept of great variety of food choices and quality towards achieving healthy eating. Because obesity has become an increasingly serious problem globally, thereRead MoreRiordan Manufacturing Integrated Human Resource Information System1009 Words   |  5 Pagesprocess includes gathering information on the current and proposed system, setting the scope and goals for the project, and considering the projects feasibility. Information-Gathering TechniquesA. InterviewsTo begin my research, I would take the interview approach. In order to conduct a successful interview I have create some interview criteria. 1.Determine who to interview2.Create interview questions3.Conduct the interview4.Document the interview5.Evaluate the interviewInterviews are often the best

Children and Young Peoples Workforce free essay sample

Children and young people workforce Diploma Level 3 by Emma Staynings Unit 45 1. 1 Human Rights Act. Human rights act come into force in Britain in October 2000. This act is vital in protecting the fundamental freedoms of everyone in our society. As childminders we develop policies and procedures, we make sure fresh water is supplied and that we have a safe home environment, supplying healthy food and be a good role model for the children in our care. These rights are in place to protect both Parents and children, for example as a child minder if we know a child in our care is being abused or mistreated by their parents it is our duty to protect the child from any inhuman or degrading treatment. United Nations convention on the rights of the child. The convention on the rights of the child is the first legally binding international right to incorporate the full range of human rights-civil, cultural, economic, political and social rights. These rights came about as world leaders decided that all children under the age of 18 needed special care and protection that adults dont need the rights and protection that adults dont need. The rights that all children have the rights to survive; to develop to the fullest and to protect from the harmful influences abuse and exploitation and to participate fully in family, culture and social life. The four core principles of the convention and non-discrimination. Devotion to the best interest of a child the rights to life; Survival and development; and respect for the views of the child. The convention protects the rights by setting standards in health care, eduction and legal,civil and social services. By agreeing to these rights as a child minder we are committing ourselves to protecting and ensuring the children in our care are safe, and look after the best interests of the child. Childrens Act 1989 The children’s act was passed in order to help children under the age of 19. These allow the rights to intervene in parent-children relations, mainly in the case of abuse and violence. Parents and Guardians could hereby be arrested if they were found mistreating a child. The children act 1989 was a major step in empowering children with rights. The Childrens Act watches out for the welfare of the child, the parental responsibilities, they look after the local authorities support for the children. Children’s Act 2004 (Every Child Matters). These acts were brought about after the death of a young girl who was tortured and brutally murdered by her parents, it lead to a public enquiry and produced major change in the child protection act. Every child matters cover any child under the age of 19 years or under those with disabilities age 24. The aim for all children have been put into 5 parts. Be healthy, stay safe, enjoy and achieve, make a positive contribution achieve economic well-being. All of these need to be met by everyone caring for children.. Children and young people workforce Diploma Level 3 by Emma Staynings This change meant there was more informatio n and advice at a local level. Earlier support for parents experiencing difficulties. Practitioners and social services and Education working together in teams. The Childrens Act 2004 gives a particular responsibilities to local Authorities in ensuring effective co-operation between local partners such as NHS, police, schools, and councils. Children’s Act 2006 Introducing EYFS 2008 Set of welfare and learning and developments required by the government which has to be followed by all working with children under the age of 5 years. Everyone working with children must register under the childcare act in order to operate legally. Inspection arrangements providing integrated education and care framework set out for early years and general childcare registers. Ofsted controls the 2 registers, EYFS is a framework to be followed by all childcare providers the make sure all children from birth – 5 years are kept well and develop and learn. Promoting teaching and making sure children are ready to start school. Health and Safety at work Act (1974) This s a legal framework set at a high standard for the workforce covers people at work, children in our care and the surrounding they/we work in. As a child minder it is our responsibility to ensure as far as possible the Health and Safety and well-being the child in our careerer and Safety first aid had regulations that have to be met by all employers. The main aim of these legal requirements are to limit out any injuries, illnesses within the work place, to make as safe as possible. RIDDER (reporting if injuries, dangerous diseases and dangerous occurrences regulations 1995) Reporting accidents and ill health at work is a legal requirement, the information given to the authorities will help identify where and how risk arise, and to investigate serious accidents. COSHH (Control of substances hazardous to health)Its a general requirement for the workplace or the employers to make sure the place of work is safe of sub haz health. Food Safety (General food hygiene 1995) This introduces you to the food and safety regulations, it tells you what they are and how you can put them into practise. Everyone who handles food in a business has to follow these rules and regulations and they cover preparation, handling,storage and not forgetting Hygiene, as a Child Minder we will have to abide by these regulations. The guideline tells you what to do and how to put it into practise. Children and young people workforce Diploma Level 3 by Emma Staynings Unit 45 1. 1/1. 3 Data Protection Act 1998 This act (DPA) is set up to get a balance between the rights of individuals to privacy and the right for organisations to use the information needed for the business. Keeping this information safe in important when child minding as lots of personal information will be obtained to en role a child, there are protocol to be met and consent forms to be filled out in a child minding business or outing for the children in your care, details of the trips, what will happen and forms filled out and signed by the parents. Any medication that needs to be given to the child will also need a for, signed by both parties. Children and their parents have a legal right to legal confidentiality and Data protection. Passing on information is a illegal act. Confidentiality is a set of rules or promises set up by the persons involved putting restrictions on certain types of information. All information collected from the children or families that we work with are confidential. Any information that may need to be passed on will have to have permission from the parents to do so. Written permission must be obtained before any personal information is passed on. Its so important to remember that written information should not be removed from the home, The 8 principles of Data act. . Not transferred to any other country without adequate protection. .Processed and Fairly and lawfully. .Adequate, relevant and not excessive. .Obtained for specific and lawfully processed. .Not kept longer than necessary. .Processed in accordance with the data subjects right (the individuals) . Securely kept. .Accurate and up to date. It is important to remember that written information should never be removed from the house. The child sand families personal information must be locked up in some kind of filing cabinet at the registered child minders home. Photography can only be taken with the permission of the parents/childs and with written consent. You must password protect your computer files this is important so no other adult or child can access the personal information. Children and young people workforce Diploma Level 3 by Emma Staynings Equality Act 2010 This act legally protects people from discrimination in the work place and in wider society. Covers sex discrimination, race and disability discrimination, regarding all people equal. When child minding you will be having children from different backgrounds and region the Equality act 2010 says that everyone has a legal duty to be inclusive, which means that on a child minder, we must offer an inclusive service to children, their families and any visitors to air homes. The Equality Act defines several types of unlawful discrimination and in direct discrimination. We need to make sure all policies and procedures are up to date. As a Child Minder we have to care for all kinds of children with different needs. We need to be able to talk to the parents to make sure our settings are suitable to the childrens needs. We have to value the different racial origins, religion, cultures and languages in our multi ethnic society, so that each child is valued as an individual with equal rights. I will have to make sure that all children in my care will have access to a range of books, toys and puzzles which provide a positive imagine and example of the diversity of life in our society. All children need to be equal. Education Act (1997) This act provides adequate safeguards, rights and duties for all those concerned with the education of children with special educational needs, and to ensure these children are able to work and live in our community. It also regards parents rights regarding their children and education. The role to us as child minders is to ensure these children receive the best possible care in all setting while away from their homes. The system we get in place will also assure parents their child is well looked after for their needs gives them trust which is important and piece of mind. We as child minders would have to register the children and set regulations and meet requirements. The requirements make sure that all home based childcare providers meet the same structure of care, learning development for children. Regular Bodies-Ofsted England regulatory body is Ofsted in order to be a registered Child Minder in England you need to register. Ofsted publish requirements, standards and procedures that all people working with children need to follow. Ofsted will make sure the welfare of the children are met, the requirements for learning and development needs are in place, that the children are safe and well looked after in the Child Minder home. Ofsted has a statutory framework for EYFS (Early yeas foundation studies) They will organise to check the premises where the business is being held and an inspection will be set up, to check on the conditions of the property, to see if it is safe enough and meet the standard, procedures and acts. Ofsted has the right to investigate any complaints and take legal action against you if requirements are not reached. Children and young people workforce Diploma Level 3 by Emma Staynings Unit 45 1. 6 Source of support. PACEY-Professional Association for Childcare and Early Years. Originally called NCMA which is an organisation in England and Wales for home base Childcare. They help to set out frameworks and procedures to make sure child minders work together with children to give everyone the best outcome. They have a network of developments workers and support groups. To be the go between for the government and child care and home base child minders. You can join PACEY and get regular updates on government changes, Laws, training opportunities, they have discounts on insurance and generally helpful to people working in childcare. Child minding networks. These are a great way to obtain support for both yourself and the children as working alone can sometimes be hard so meeting new friends is important. Groups are set up in your local areas so the children can play and the childminders can get any information they need. Discounts are given in some play centres for people who child mind so they can bring a group of children in. Local Authorities Local Authority are a great help to child minders with a young peoples workforce development team in place some specially for home based child minders who can out you in touch with other child minders in your area, courses that are ran in your local area. They also have the information of social service staff like child protection officers. Health visitors Health visitors are also good to keep in mind, wether it be your own or the childrens, as they are able to keep an eye on the children should you have any concerns, they can do with health survalience or health checks, they can refer you to the correct people should a child need help ie- Physio, speech therepy or learning difficulties. Teachers. Teachers can be a great help especially if the children in your care go to school, keeping each other in touch with any problem, working together with any development, learning or emotional and behaveral issues, as if they have problems at home they are most likely to have problems at school also. Some children will have home work and struggle in area and if good to be able to talk to the teacher Lots of child minders are part ofan approved network and getting credited and then they are able to get nursery education funding (child vouchers)which meansas a child minder we need to offer activities to 3-5 year olds that are part of the EYFS. Children and young people workforce Diploma Level 3 by Emma Staynings Family and relatives. The biggest support we will get as child minders are family, relatives and most important the parents. This means the family we live with and the people close to us, its a big change and so much to consider as they will all be effected by a home based child minding buisness. Looking after others in your home, it can be a big change in the family/home environment also the children’s parents, making sure they are happy with the environment you are offering, making sure its safe and meets the need of the children being able to be open, honest and supportive but keeping in mind you are running a business.

A Report on how to Improve Communication Arrangements

Executive Summary This report was commissioned to analyze how Westminster Business School could improve its communication arrangements. The research focuses on the benefits and disadvantages of using new technology for e-learning and compares it with traditional teaching methods.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on A Report on how to Improve Communication Arrangements specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Investigations reveal that e-learning solutions could improve communications within the institution, and enhance the mode of learning in virtual classrooms. Therefore, it is recommended that Westminster Business School take immediate measures to rollout an e-learning system in its learning environment. Introduction Westminster University is one of the most competent colleges in London because it offers a wide range of courses in almost all levels. The institution has been competing with other universities, and it has in creased the number of student admissions over the years. The increase in the number of students has made the management of Westminster Business School to look for alternative ways of dealing with challenges in their communication system. The problem lies in the school’s inability to provide all the facilities required by the students. For instance, the boarding facilities are already congested and thus there should be another way of achieving the same results. In this regard, the college is in pursuit of a better way of transmitting knowledge to the learners. An efficient e-learning system would solve the mentioned problem because the benefits of e-learning, as discussed in this report, outweigh the benefits of traditional learning methods. Discussion Advantages of Traditional Teaching Method Traditional learning methods are still popular in learning institutions. According to Pollard (2002), the teacher is the one who sets the time and duration of lessons and this is appropr iate for freshmen because most of them are not disciplined, and thus if they were left to attend classes as they wished most of them would never show up. In addition, there are no interruptions in the classroom, unlike home based lessons where the learner’s attention can be disrupted by small things like the television and mobile phones. In traditional learning the names of the students who are present during a given lesson are written down and they are referred to while students are sitting for their final exams. This is because it would be inappropriate for a lecturer to allow a student who has missed most of the lessons to sit for an exam with the rest because chances of failure are absolute. Likewise, the lecturers can monitor the progress of their learners easily as opposed to e-learning, because in virtual classes you cannot tell when a learner has understood the lesson or not. Some students require to be guided, and thus this is the most suitable method for such learne rs. Furthermore, the teacher can identify the strengths and the weaknesses of the student and hence help him/her to work on them.Advertising Looking for report on business communication? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Additionally, the teacher is the one who commands what is to be studied in the classroom. This is logical because he/she is the most knowledgeable and experienced, and thus knows where the examiners draw their questions. Similarly, if the students were left to choose the topics that they should cover on their own they would choose the ones that sound interesting to them, and hence they would end failing in exams. This means that the entire curriculum will not be covered. Again, the lecturer can help learners to understand the topics better by asking them questions at random. The students can also correct one another in the classroom if there is misunderstanding the subjects covered (Petrina, 2001). Disadvantages of Traditional Teaching Method According to Muijs and Reynolds (2005), direct teaching can make the lecturers to lack creativity. This is because they have to stick to the guidelines of the course outline. Without the course outline the lecturers can engineer their own approaches because they know the particular areas that are examined but the course outlines force them to cover areas that are never examined. This is important especially when there is limited time for going through the syllabus. Direct teaching requires the person who is transmitting knowledge to have excellent verbal communication skills. This may sound funny, but it is very sound because there are some lecturers who are highly educated but they lack communication skills, and thus cannot explain the issues that require discussions. In addition, the lack of good communication skills can cause the lecturer to mislead the students. Petrina (2007) argues that at times the lecturer may be biased without knowing, by pay ing attention to only fast learners and leaving the slow learners behind. The smart students may use the classroom to show off their skills to the poor learners, which could demoralize them from attending their classes because they are made to believe they are failures. The students who fail exams often become the laughing stock which would not be the case in e-learning because their results would be confidential, and there would be no time for such nonsense because they do not interact physically.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on A Report on how to Improve Communication Arrangements specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Moreover, there are students who are very selfish such that they cannot share what they know with their classmates because they think by keeping the information to themselves they will be able to lead their faculty in exams. This is wrong because they may be having the wrong answers that could be cor rected if only they could share them with their classmates. In light of this, traditional teaching methods deny the students an opportunity to think because they develop a perception that the lecturer will always guide them on the topics they are supposed to cover. Another shortcoming of traditional teaching method is that the lecturers are most likely to be manipulated by the students to award them the scores that they do not deserve in their final exams. This is very common among female students who engage in casual sex with lecturers so that they can be awarded better grades in exams. Male students also engage in this malpractice but from a different angle because they use money to manipulate the lecturers. In the long run direct teaching is considered expensive by students because they have to pay for their accommodation and transport (Petrina, 2001). E-Learning and Advantages E-learning is carried out virtually on the Internet. All that is needed in this method of learning is a computer and Internet connection. In e-learning both the students and the lecturers are free because they can interact with the learning system from any geographical location since they have Internet access. E-learning helps both the learners and the lecturers to save the money they usually spend on transport because they can both learn and teach at the comfort of their houses. All that is required in this method is time management skills so that the learner has ample time for learning. This means that the learners can engage in other activities without interfering with their learning (Laudon Laudon, 2006). Pollard (2010) explains that e-learning enables the learners to proceed at their own pace without having to rush like for classrooms where they struggle to be on the same level with their peers. This is because they have optical discs that they can always be replayed from time to time to ensure they grasp what they are supposed to learn. This method enables the students to sele ct learning materials that they are familiar to unlike in traditional methods where the lecturers expect one size to fit all.Advertising Looking for report on business communication? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, E-learning enables the learners to acquire a lot of skills in computer applications because they interact with computers frequnently. This knowledge can later be employed in other areas. E-learning makes students to be creative and make their own decisions without the influence of the lecturer. The students who manage to complete their studies through e-learning are very bold and they believe in their abilities so much because they consider their responsibility to be achievement. E-learning students enjoy an opportunity to interact with their lecturers and fellow students through the chat rooms, thus improving communication between the university and learners. Finally, slow learners are best suited for this method because no one will laugh at them in a classroom, and besides that if they fail in exams no one will get to know it apart from the lecturer. If the student has any weakness the lecturer can assist him/her because the interaction between the two entities is one on one basis. Disadvantages of E-learning E-learning demands a lot of self discipline on the learners and this means they have to avoid any interruptions such as television, phone calls and frequent visitors. For learners who do not know how to plan their time this method of learning may not work for them. This is because there is no one to follow them around hence they may abuse their freedom. The other hindrance to e-learning is access to computers and the Internet. Most students are not able to purchase a computer and pay for internet subscription. In addition, not all students are computer literate and thus they would have to go for computer lessons first which comes with extra costs. Conclusions Westminster Business School should adopt e-learning because it is cost efficient, and students and lecturers would benefit from reduced cost of transport. Westminster Business School should adopt e-learning because it will solve the problem of congestion in its campus. Westminster sho uld emphasize on the need of self discipline among its students to enhance communication in the new system. Recommendations Adopting e-learning will help Westminster to go beyond borders. International students will be able to enroll in this college because learning takes place virtually. Westminster should help the students to acquire computers by giving them soft loans. Most students are interested in this system but then they do not have enough money to buy computers. Westminster should provide computer literacy lessons and make it mandatory to all learners so that there is smooth transition. This is because majority of students lack basic skills in computing and Internet. References Laudon, K. Laudon, P., 2006, Management information Systems: Managing the Digital Firm,. 9th Ed. Pearson Prentice Hall Inc: Upper Saddle River, NJ. Muijs, D. Reynolds, D., 2005, Effective Teaching: Evidence and Practice, London: Sage Publications. Petrina, S., 2001, Advanced Teaching Methods for the Technology Classroom, London: Idea Group Inc. Pollard, A., 2002, Readings for Reflective Teaching, New York: Continuum International Publishing Group. This report on A Report on how to Improve Communication Arrangements was written and submitted by user Carlee U. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

buy custom Supervised Machine Learning essay

buy custom Supervised Machine Learning essay The recent technological developments in areas such as the internet, DNA microarray, hyperspectral imagery, database among other notable areas have resulted to the emergency of large amounts of data in wide spectrums of applications. These include areas such as search engines, proteomics, genomic, text categorization, and information retrieval. According to Tan (2007, p. 17), it is estimated that, the total amount of information stored doubles each twenty months. Machine learning thus offers tools to alleviate this problem by analyzing large quantity of data automatically. However, it is notable that, the many applications of features or attributes makes it hard for machine learning to extract all the useful information from a gigantic data streams. Guyon (2003, p. 42) candidly indicates that machine learning provides the necessary tools, through which, large quantities of data may be automatically analyzed. Future selection, which selects a subset of all the most salient features as well as removes redundant, noisy and irrelevant features is the process that usually employed in machine learning in solving highly dimensionally problems. Feature selection focuses the learning algorithms to most useful and crucial aspects of data, thus making learning task more accurate as well as fast. It is notable that in the last five years, feature and variable selection have become one of the main areas of focus in research. This is especially in area of applications for which datasets with hundreds of thousands of variables are present. The objective of feature selections is mainly three fold; offering more coat-effective and faster predictors, developing the prediction performances of all the available predictors, and offering an improved understanding of all the underlying processes, which generated the data. The contributions of the feature and variable selection cover wide range of aspects of the associated problems, such as feature ranking, feature construction, multivariate feature selection, feature validity assessment, as well as offering improved definition of the available objective functions. As indicated above, the rapid developments of applications and novel technologies having large as well as more complex accumulation of data, mainly at unprecedented speeds, there has been collection of large and unknown quantities of candidate features, usually collected to represent data. Tan (2007, p. 18), indicate that although the features, which are irrelevant may fail to add anything to the target concept learning through the learning machine as well as the redundant features, they raise the computation costs of the overall learning process. There are four main advantages of using feature selection in supervised machine learning. First, feature selection reduces computational complexity of prediction and learning algorithms. Most of the well-known learning algorithms have become computational intractable, especially in the presence of huge numbers of features. This applies in the prediction step and training step. Therefore, preceding step of feature selections can enormously solve this problem. Feature selection greatly saves on the costs of measuring non-selected figures. Once a smaller set of the features, which allow good predictions of all the labels are established, one does not have to measure the other features. The other advantage of feature selection, e specially in supervised machine learning, is higher levels of improved accuracy. In most circumstances, feature selection can enhance the accuracy of predictions by improving signals to noise ratio. Generally, in most of the real word tasks, the dimensionality of the data is very high such that it is practically prohibitive or computationally costly for machine learning. Most of the traditional learning algorithms have failed to scale o the large size problems as a result of the curse of the dimensionality. In addition to this, the existence of the noisy features highly degrades the performance of learning algorithms. Feature selection techniques are thus crucial in solving this problem in machine learning. There are two types of machine learning, supervised and unsupervised machine learning as indicated on the diagram below. In the supervised learning, all the class labels of training data are well known. The training example is well represented as pairs of input objectives as well as its desired output, such as class label. The main task of supervised learners is to establish functions to approximate the mapping between the training data to their classes, in order to predict the classes of the new data. Some of the algorithms and approaches that have been proposed for the supervised learning include k-nearest neighbor, decision trees, nave Bayers classifiers, SUVs (Support Vector Machines) and random forests. Guyon (2003, p. 40) supervised learning can be termed as the machine learning duty of inferring a function a labeled (supervised) training data. The training data mainly consists of sets of training examples. In a supervised learning, every example is a pair consisting of an input object, typically a vector, and an output value, also known as the supervisory signal. Supervised learning algorithm an alyzes procedures and training data an inferred function, which is known as a classifier, if the output data is discrete, or a regression function, if the output data is continuous. On the other hand, unsupervised machine learning can clearly be distinguished from the supervised machine learning due to the fact that the class labels used for training data are not usually available. The unsurprised learning method mostly decides which objects can be grouped together in one class. Put in other words, they mostly learn class by themselves. The K-nearest neighbors, self-organizing as well as data clustering algorithms, such as fuzzy c-means clustering and K-means clustering are mostly used for the unsupervised learning tasks. It is crucial to note that good representation of the input objects is crucial due to the fact that the accuracy of the entire learned model enormously depends strongly on the way input objects are indicated typically, the entire input object is changed into a vector of attributes or features, thus being used to describe the object. 1.1 Objectives There are different feature selection algorithms having various objectives to be attained. Some of these objectives include: Finding the minimally sized feature subset sufficient and necessary to the target concept. Selecting a subset N features from a set of M features such that M , such that all the values of the criterion function is fully optimized, over all the subset size N Selecting a subset of features aimed at improving the accuracy of prediction or reducing the size of the structure, without substantially reducing on the accuracy of prediction of all the classifiers, built by using only the features selected. Selecting small subset such that, the resulting class distribution, is very close to the original class distribution if all feature values are given. 1.2. Feature Selection Procedure As indicated above feature selection, also known as feature reduction, variable selection, variable subset selection or attribute selection is a method of selecting a subset of the relevant features, useful for building a robust learning model. Guyon (2003, p. 40) argues that feature selection is critical in problem understanding. This is due to the fact that the selected features can offer great insights on the nature of the problem being tackled. This is enormously crucial, since in most circumstances, the ability to point out the important informative features is necessary as compared to the ability f making good predictions in itself. The main goal of the feature selection is to select small sublets of feature, such that recognition rate of all classifiers do not decrease substantially. Liu and Yu (2005, p. 32) argues that the feature selection method depends on the way in which subsets are generated as well as the evaluation function employed in evaluating all the subsets under examination. There are numerous types of feature selection procedure based on generation procedures of all the subsets as well as the evaluation functions employed to evaluate them. However, a typical feature selection procedure consists of four basic steps, namely: Subset generation Subset evaluation Stopping criterion, and Results validation The flow chart below briefly indicates the four notable processes The process starts with the generation of subset that employs a particular search strategy in order to give rise to a candidate feature subsets. This is followed by evaluation of each candidate subset according to a particular evaluation criterion and then compared with the best subset. If it is better, the previous best one is replaced. It is notable that the process of generation and evaluation of the subset is then repeated until a certain stopping criterion is attained. Finally, the selected best feature subset is carefully validated by the test data or prior knowledge. Liu and Yu, (2005, p. 20) argues that search strategy as well as evaluation are the key points when studying feature selection. 1.2.1 Subset Generation As indicated by Ng (1998, p. 14), subset generation is first a process involving a heuristic search, with every state in the search space having a certain candidate subset for the purpose of evaluation. It is notable that the nature of this process is enormously determined by two basic issues. To start with, one must make a decision on the search point or points that will in turn going to influence the direction. The search process may start with a set that is empty and successively add features (forward) or begin with a full set of and then successively remove features (backward). The search can also begin with both points and then successively add and remove features (bi-directional). Further, search can also begin with a subset that is randomly selected. This is crucial as it avoids the subset being trapped in local optima (Liu and Yu, 2005, p. 16). Secondly, one must decide on a search strategy to be used. For a data set having N features, then there exists candidate subsets. For an exhaustive search the search space is exhaustive, even where N is moderate. There are other search strategies, which have been explored. This include complete, random and sequential search. 1.2.1.1 An exhaustive Search This method guarantees to establish all the optimal results as dedicated by the evaluation criterion adopted. In other words, exhaustive search is complete as no any optimal subset is missed. For instance, for a data set having five parameters, X1 X4, X5 there can be a number of combinations of the independent variables as indicated on the table below. (Rogati and Yang, 2002, p. 44) Note: For a given dataset having Y independent parameters, exhaustive search method will have 2^Y-1 regression models to selected from. This type of search is said to be exhaustive due to the fact that the search is guarantee to generate all the reachable states, prior to it terminate with failure. Liu and Yu (2005, p. 12) candidly indicates that an exhaustive search always build a regression model, with each possible combination of the parameters. However, it is crucial noting that, if a search is complete this does not mean that it must have been fully exhaustive. This is based on the fact that various heuristic functions may be used, in order to reduce the selected search space without necessarily jeopardizing any chances of establishing the optimal results. Though the order of the selected search space is O, smaller number of subsets can be evaluated. An exhaustive search may be performed, on the condition that the numbers of variables are not too large. A wide variety of search strategies, such as branch-and-bound, best-first, genetic algorithms, simulated annealing among others, may be used. Some of the notable examples include branch, bound and beam search. The branch and bound procedure performs an exhaustive search that is done in an orderly fashion, such as search tree, but it halt the search a long a given branch, if bound or limit is exceeded. This can be done if sub-solution fails to look promising. In spite of the time complexity, this search method is usually fast for some given problems. 1.2.1.2 Sequential Search This method gives up completeness, therefore risks loosing the optimal subsets. There are various variations to the greedy hill-climbing method. Some of them include sequential backward elimination, sequential forward selection, as well as bi-directional selection. Sequential forward selection begins with a feature subset that is empty. For all iteration, exactly one of the features is added to the subset. In order to determine the feature to be added, the algorithm exactly adds to the existing candidate feature subset one of the feature, which is already selected as well as tests the accuracy of the classifier build on the tentative subset. Sequential backward deletion is almost similar to the forward selection, but this one begins with all the features as well as tries to remove the feature, resulting in the highest levels of accuracy gain. In some instances, a greedier version of the sequential search method can be implemented where there is the possibility of deleting or adding m ore feature o very iteration. In supervised machine learning, the greedier version is faster, due to the fact that, it examines reduced number of candidate feature subset. It is notable that these methods add or remove some features each at a time. The other method is to add or remove p features in a single step and adding or removing q features in the proceeding step (p q) (Liu and Yu, 2005, p. 15) It is simple to implement algorithms having sequential search. It is also fast to produce results. This is due to the fact that, the order of the sequential search space is mostly O, or even less. 1.2.1.3 Random Search Random search usually start with a subset that is randomly selected and then proceeds into two distinct ways. One ways is to follow sequential search, thus injecting randomness into the sequential approach. Examples include simulated annealing and random-start hill-climbing. The other way is to generate the subsequent subsets in completely random manner, a method that is known as Las Vegas algorithm. According to Tan (2007, p. 21), random search evaluates large sets of random feature subsets and the returns the best feature. Based on this, it is crucial to implement more complex strategies of selection, such as the genetic feature selections or as initialization of the greedy search. For instance, bad choices that are done on the early stages of greedy search usually become hard to be undone, while forward search mostly suffers if all the features, which are judged individually, are poor. Generally for all the approaches, the use of randomness significantly helps in escaping local op tima in the given search space. Further, the optimality of the selected subsets largely depends on all the available resources. 1.2.1.4 Individual Search Liu and Yu (2005, p. 13) argues that the individual search method evaluates every feature separately. The main advantage of this is the fact that it is a high speed search method s compared to others such as exhaustive, random, sequential search among others. As a result of this, individual search is used in for pre-selection of candidate feature subsets from large sets of feature. However, it is crucial to note that, individually, poor features can yield to a high class of separability when they are used together. In individual search, it is possible for one to provide additional test sets using test options. 1.2.2 Subset Evaluation As indicated above, every newly generated subset requires to be evaluated carefully by a given evaluation criterion. It is crucial to note that the goodness of the selected subset is usually determined by a particular criterion. That is, an optimal subset selected using a certain criterion may fail to be an optimal according to the other give criterion. One of the paradigms, which have been dubbed as filter, operates independently of any of the learning algorithm. This is due to the fact that all the undesired features are filtered out of the data prior to the commencement of learning. These algorithms mostly use heuristics based on the general characteristics of data to evaluate merits of the feature subsets. The other school of thought indicates that, the bias of the given induction algorithm ought to be taken into account before selecting a feature. This method is known as wrapper method. It uses an induction algorithm along side a statistical re-sampling technique, such as the cr oss-validation in estimating the final accuracy to all feature subsets. Generally, feature selection algorithms can be divided in three broad categories namely wrapper, hybrid and filter. 1.2.2.1 Filter Method Independent of all the other induction algorithms, the filter method filters out all redundant, noisy, or irrelevant features in the processing steps before induction takes place. Liu, Liu, and Yu (2005, p. 10) argues that filter method select a feature set for any of the learning algorthms to be used when leraning concepst from the training set. The bisaness of all the future selection alogrithms as well as the learning alogrithm do not intearct. The search usually proceeds until pre-specified number of the feature is obtained or some thresholding criteria is met. The key advantage of the filter method as comapred to other methods, such as wrapper method among others, is the fact that this method is fast as well as the ability to scale to the large database.Unlike other methods, such as wrappers, filters usually utilizes the intrinsic properties of the data in evaluating feature subset. In general, the featurse are mostly assesed using their discriminatory or releavnces powers in re gard to the target classes. 1.2.2.2 Wrapper Method In wrapper methods, the performances, such as prediction or classification accuracy, of an induction algorithm is used for the feature subset evaluation as indicated o the figure below. In most of its general formulation, the wrapper method consists in the usage of prediction performance of a certain learning machine, in order to assess the overall usefulness of all the usefulness of the subsets of variables. When applying the wrapper method one should define, the How to search all the usefulness of the subset of variables How to assess the prediction performances of learning machine, in order to guide the search as well as halt it Which predictors will be employed Wrappers are usually criticized due to the fact that they are seen as a brute force method, which require massive amount of computational, though this is not necessarily the case. Greedy search strategies are usually seen as computational advantageous as well as robust against over fitting. In forward selection, wrappers are useful in estimating the accuracy of adding every unselected feature to all the feature subset as well as choosing the best feature to be added according to this kind of criterion. The method usually terminates when the estimated accuracy of adding any of the feature is less as compared to the estimated accuracy of the feature set already selected. Generally, for every generated feature subset S, the wrappers usually evaluates its applicability by using induction algorithms to dataset using the features present in the subset S. Wrappers may easily find features subsets within the high level of accuracy. This is due to the fact that the features match well with al l the learning algorithms (Liu, and Yu, 2005, p. 12). 1.2.2.3 Hybrid Method In order to improve the classification performances as well as fasten feature selection, it is advisable to build a hybrid model. This is due to the fact that it takes the advantage of wrappers and filters by employing both independent criteria and the learning algorithms in measuring feature subsets. Filters offers an intelligence guide for the wrappers, like reducing search space, offering a good start point or shortening the search path, all of which are crucial in scaling wrappers to the larger size problems. Hybrid method employs the independent measures in deciding the subset that is best for any given cardinality (Liu, and Yu, 2005, p. 13). 1.2.2.4 Feature Ranking Among the entire proposed feature selection algorithm, the aspect of feature ranking methods, which rank or score features by a particular criterion. The use rankings of the features as base of selection mechanism are mostly attractive due to their scalability, simplicity as well as the good empirical success. Computationally, the feature ranking is efficient due to the fact that it needs only the computation of M scores as well as sorting all the scores. With regard to ranks of the features, the subsets of important features may be selected in order to build classifiers or predictors. 1.2.3 Stopping Criterion It is important to note that a feature selector should be able to decide when to stop searching through the space of the feature subsets. Depending on evaluation strategies which are available, a feature selection may remove or adding features, when none of the alternative improves on the merits of the current feature subsets. Alternatively, algorithm may continue to revise feature subset as long as the merit has not degraded. Based on this argument, a further option may be to continue with generation of subsets until reaching the other end of search. The best subset is then selected. In most cases, the test is not able to measure the distance existing between the last iterate and the true solution. Generally, a feature selection process may terminate if: The search is complete A predefined size of the feature subset has been selected A predefined number of iterations have been executed A sufficiently good or an optimal feature subset has been obtained, or When the change of feature subset does not result to a better subset (Tan, 2007, p. 23). 1.2.4 Result validation In some of the applications, all the relevant features are usually known beforehand, thus allowing one to validate the results of feature selection. However, in many real-world applications it is hard to understand the features that are relevant. Hence, one has to rely on some of the indirect methods through monitoring the change of the mining performance with all the changes of features (Liu and Dash, 1997, p. 23). Buy custom Supervised Machine Learning essay

The questions below are of a generic nature Essay

The questions below are of a generic nature - Essay Example However, according to many experts the situation is not yet under control. The world is still passing through the worst economic and financial times. Stock markets are showing sluggish movements and recently there have been sharp decline in the international stock markets. Large financial institutions have collapsed which has been the biggest shock to the financial world. Rescue of these banks have involved huge amounts of money for bail outs. The government of the respective countries have provided lump sum amount of money (that have run upto many trillion dollars in the United States alone) to these failed banks for rescuing them. In the United States the Federal Government has followed the Keynesian theory of economics. As recession set in, policymakers have not left the economy to the forces of the market that might autocorrect the market and improve the condition of low aggregate demand. They have intervened with fiscal and monetary policy changes, so as to augment economic acti vities in the country. Interest rates were reduced as an immediate response to the crisis (Velde, 2008). This paper looks at the causes of the GFC and the responses of the government to this crisis. The main aim of this article is to research the protectionist activities of the governments in reflex to the harm caused to these economies by recessionary pressure. In this light the preventive measures of the governments have been studied to understand the course of action adopted by the global economy to prevent the recurrence of a situation similar to the Great Depression of the 1930s. Causes of the GFC The causes of the GFC are manifold and analysts have not come to any particular agreement about the actual reasons that have eventually led to the financial crisis of such a huge dimension. Yet it is commonly agreed that GFC has occur due to the combined effect of the shocks faced by the real estate market in the United States and the European countries on one hand, and the increasing risk premia for the corporate firms and the investment banks on the other (Stoeckel, 2009). The shocks in the global financial market have potentially created strong contractions in international trade. The root to the financial crisis can be traced to the collapse of a number of large and influential financial institutions in the United Sates and the Europe. Among them, the most notable mortgage bank failures are Lehman Brothers, Northern Rock and Bear Sterns. As these banks filed for bankruptcy, a wave of apprehension ran through the most established financial markets of the western world. In this situation, banks curtailed their lending facilities to other banks which increased the risk premium on interbank borrowing. This rate increased steadily from near 0 to 5 per cent. On corporate bonds this risk increased to more than 6 per cent. In spite of efforts by the government to increase liquidity levels in the market, the financial markets crashed inevitably. The economic slowdown started with the shelving of big corporate projects. Therefore, the primary borrowers in the economy (i.e., the large corporate firms) stopped lending money from the banks. On other side of the coin, obtaining credit for commercial purposes became difficult. This causes the great financial crisis. Since credit facilities dried up, corporate firms had to revise their investment decisions. They faced a